Chippewas in the Early Twentieth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

“A Conversation with my Father” by Grace Paley Essay

A Conversation with My Father is an anecdotal tale about a little girl and her withering dad. At his bedside, he requests that her recount to a story. She recounts to a terrible story of a lady who engages in drugs due to her child yet then the child leaves her and she is stuck in the medication way of life. She not long after chooses to recover her life on target and she prevails with regards to doing as such. The dad dismisses the little girls finishing since he accepts that she is evading catastrophe. Through equivocalness and meaning in the discussion among little girl and father, Grace Paley shows that individuals are frequently terrified of standing up to disaster or in any event, tolerating it. Paley rehashes the word end all through the story. The dad in A Conversation with My Father is the one that utilizes the two words the most. In lines 6-7, the dad says, Poor lady. Poor young lady, to be conceived in a period of simpletons to live among fools. The end. The end. The dad from the outset gives a type of compassion by perceiving that this lady was not in the best condition yet he proceeds to state that it is the end. Before the end he implies a mind-blowing finish and that her life can't refocus regardless. Whenever that the storyteller utilizes the word end it is intended to portray the finish of the medication someone who is addicted lady in the little girls story (Lines 6-8, 14). Elegance Paley likewise has reiteration of the word disaster. The word catastrophe is additionally questionable all through the story. In line 9, the dad says, what a catastrophe. The finish of an individual. In this line the dads use of the word disaster isn't ambigious in light of the fact that unmistakably he is portraying the finish of the mother in the story. In line 14 the dad says, Tragedy! Plain catastrophe! Authentic catastrophe! In these lines it is uncertain in what setting that father is discussing catastrophe. It is difficult to enlighten whether he is talking regarding the character from the story or his own little girl. It appears as though he is probably discussing his little girl in light of the fact that in the line before that he says, You dont need to remember it. The you alludes to the little girl and the it alludes to disaster. The dad accepts that a shortcoming of his little girl is that she doesn't perceive or acknowledge catastrophe. The use of the word catastrophe and end together is the thing that gets Grace Paleys point across to the perusers in this story. In a few lines the fatherâ mentions the two words together so as to show that individuals fear standing up to disaster or in any event, tolerating it (Lines 9, 14). In line 9 the dad expresses that the finish of an individual is deplorable yet the little girl proceeds to show her naã ¯vetã © ness by saying that it doesn't need to be the moms end on the grounds that in all actuality, the mother could proceed to be fruitful at her present place of employment or become significantly progressively effective at something different. It is this point in the story when the dad tells the little girl that her composing is nothing more than a bad memory since she doesn't perceive disaster and along these lines there is no desire for her. After he reveals to her that there is no desire for her, he proceeds to state The end. In that point in the story the expression is utilized to depict how the dad feels about his little girls future (Line 14). In the last line the dad says, Tragedy! You as well. When will you look it in the face? Here he is bringing up his little girls refusal to perceive or acknowledge disaster. He is calling her a catastrophe since she won't perceive disaster. At each point in the story before this, the creator either utilized the word disaster when discussing the mother from the story or about society all in all however this is the point in the story when he lets his actual sentiments out. The dad accepts that society all in all decides not to perceive disaster simply like his little girl. He needs to show his little girl that she is transforming into a disaster since she won't acknowledge catastrophe like the remainder of society. The dad appears to accept that in the event that you don't make catastrophe a reality, at that point you will end up being a disaster yourself. In spite of the fact that there are explicit models all through the story to show how the dad accepts that the little girl denies catastrophe, there are a few sections where the dad additionally remarks on the naã ¯vetã © of society with regards to disaster. In line 6 the dad says, †¦born in a period of boneheads to live among fools. The word fools alludes to society in general. The dad is attempting to state that we are all naã ¯vetã © on the grounds that noone perceives catastrophe. He proceeds in this line to utilize the expression the end (Line 6). The implication of the expression the end changes in this line. In this line it more alludes to the whole all inclusive community rather than the explicitly the mother from the story or his own girl despite the fact that it appears as though that is the thing that he is alluding to. In lines 22-23 the little girl says, Im sorry for her. Im not going to go out crying (Actually neither would Life,â which not at all like me has no pity.) By expressing that the girl shows that she doesn't have faith in disaster and that she won't let a story have an awful completion since it is unethical. This line not just shows that the little girl won't perceive disaster yet the subsequent part, where she expresses that life would not leave the mother in a similar condition either, demonstrates that society feels a similar route about catastrophe. The expression in the enclosures is fascinating in light of the fact that it calls attention to that life itself would not acknowledge disaster despite the fact that as a rule life feels sorry for nobody. The general purpose shows that despite the fact that we as a people for the most part don't feel sorry for anybody or anything, we do make a usual meaning for disaster. The word disaster and end are two in number words in this short story. No different words would get the creators point over. The creator utilized them questionably so as to express what is on her mind to the crowd. The dad utilizes the story that he had his girl advise to give her disaster. He would have liked to give her that individuals fear it and that they frequently don't remember it. He needed her to understand her own catastrophe before it prompted her end since he accepted that denying disaster is the thing that prompts disappointment or the end.

10 Focus-Forming Habits To Lengthen Your Attention Span

10 Focus-Forming Habits To Lengthen Your Attention Span Do you frequently find yourself drifting off during a meeting or a class? Or do you find it difficult focusing on what is being said or done at the moment?These are signs of a short attention span. Sometimes, after a class or a meeting, you find it difficult to remember what was discussed as you could hardly concentrate when it was said.Also, focusing on a particular project for a long time may be more difficult, especially when pressed with deadlines and long working hours.Although focusing may be tasking and could lead to reduced productivity, you can still manage this issue and remain productive. To this end, we’ve compiled a list of steps that you can follow to help you increase productivity as well as your attention span.AVERAGE ATTENTION SPAN OF HUMANSAttention span is the total amount of time you can spend on a particular task without getting distracted.This distraction may arise as a result of getting continuously absorbed by an entirely challenging activity or feeling. One s attention span is often said to be responsible for his or her achievement.The attention span of a human is dynamic and relative as it depends on the amount of attention that is being used. The attention span of children increases as they get older; hence, a three-year-old may have an attention span of 3-8 minutes doing an exciting activity. Four-year-olds spend about 7-8 minutes on activity and could extend it to 15 minutes if it is a new and interesting one. Five-year-olds have an attention span of 10-15 minutes, which could get up to 25 minutes if they are working without distractions and in a group.Further studies have shown that about 5 to 7 % of children have ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), and this is more common in boys than girls.These children have trouble listening while someone is talking or completing a task, and while waiting for their turn.Additionally, these children are also hyperactive and may also have a learning disability. Average attention span of children; Source: Homeschool-your-boysAdults and healthy teenagers have an attention span ranging from 10 to 20 minutes; however, individuals can decide to refocus on a particular activity after concentration has been broken.Also, you can have an increased attention span if you are engaged in an activity you find comfortable and exciting as opposed to one who is working on something new or has just learned it.Factors affecting attention span may include noise, fatigue, stress, hunger, emotional issues, amongst others.Attention may be restored after you have taken a rest, done a different activity, mentally refocused, and deciding to refocus on the initial action. Attention span of individuals using video lengths; Source: GoogleTYPES OF ATTENTIONThere are four distinct types of attention that we apply daily in a bid to maximize attention. They are:Selective attentionDivided attentionSustained attentionExecutive attention1. Selective attentionIf you have been at a loud party or concert or a rowdy market and you are having a conversation with someone, you will find that if you try, you can hear most of the conversation no matter how difficult it is to understand everything that is being said.This is as a result of your choice to listen to that one person than the other noise in the background.You will deliberately block out the other sounds and pick out what is being said to you, thus, focusing on one sound stream.This is called selective attention, and it occurs when you block out the noise or sound from your surrounding environment and focus on only one, in this case, the conversation with your friend.2. Divided attentionThis type of attention is more common these days because of how often we use our phones.For instance, you can be texting with your phone while you are speaking with someone else physically. When you are trying to focus on two different things at the same time, you are using divided attention.Divided attention differs from one instance to the other; some instances are easier to control than most. For example, you can be on a call while cooking, if you are using a loudspeaker.However, a more challenging instance is when you are texting while talking to someone.One may have to suffer for reduced attention as you are not investing your complete attention.However, how well you can focus on divided attention is dependent on how accustomed you are to sharing your attention as well as your age.3. Sustained attentionSustained attention is more common with people who can work on a particular task for a long time.When you can concentrate on one event or task around you for a prolonged time, then you are making use of sustained attention.People like artists, painters, writers mostly possess such type of attention as it helps them with increased productivity.The totality of sustained attention is known as attention span and differs from one person to the other.When you try to focus on a particular activity without wavering and losing focus, you can boast of a high attention span as opposed to those who lose focus and continuously struggle to bring it back.However, the constant practice of this type of attention could help you get better at it.4. Executive attentionExecutive attention is evident when you can block out unnecessary talk and events around you in a bid to focus on what you deem most important; then, you have executive attention.If you can focus intently to create goals while monitoring your progress, you also have executive attention.This type of attention is used when you have a set goal, and you are working towards achieving that goal despite the distractions.Additionally, you fin d out that you keep track of your progress to know how much you are meant to cover, how much you have covered, and how much is left for you to cover.You use these things as a guide to help you to achieve your goals.10 FOCUS-FORMING HABITS TO LENGTHEN YOUR ATTENTION SPANCreate a schedule and follow it strictlyPut your phone awaySit at the frontTake breaks occasionally.Make use of helpful apps.Find out the most effective time of your dayExercise regularly.Make music your companionPractice until you are perfectAvoid glaring distractions1. Create a schedule and follow it strictlyIdle thoughts greatly sponsor Mind-drifting.Creating a working plan or structure that you follow thoroughly can allow your schedule to flow smoothly with little or no distractions.You can begin a week with a schedule or working list of what you need to accomplish, hence, allowing you to do what is most important in the right order.Interruptions are bound to occur; however, to the best of your ability, you may be able to achieve more than expected with a tight schedule.A time frame allotted to individual tasks will make you more conscious and strive to round up your tasks. This is because other activities need to be done within the time.According to Jill Tipograph, when in doubt, opt to over-schedule instead of under-scheduling.Hence, your schedule should include when you will take calls when to perform tasks of different projects, break, and mealtimes. This will help you feel accomplished when you do even the little jobs.Additionally, try scheduling your meetings and calls accordingly to utilize your time efficiently.Having meetings and taking calls throughout the day could be interruptive and make you feel less accomplished.2. Put your phone awayWith the advancement in technology comes a bit of a downside; addiction.Our phones have gradually become a part of our lives that cannot be taken away.Working with your phone close to you is a bit problematic, as you will always be tempted to chec k your notifications. This is more likely to happen when you pause to think about what next to do.However, if your phone is far from you, you won’t be tempted to look for it.Additionally, it also helps your sleep pattern as you wont be tempted to thumb through it, hence, allowing you to sleep when you have to.Putting your phone in the silent mode will let you focus on the task at hand without much hassle. A sleep schedule alongside your work schedule will leave you more productive. 3. Sit at the frontSitting behind during a class or a meeting may not necessarily mean that you are unserious; however, sitting in the front will set you up for intense concentration with little or no distraction.There is no harm sitting with your overzealous colleagues in front to get a clearer understanding.It’s not uncommon to see students staying glued to the board and the teacher to gain more understanding and avoid missing out on details.In the same way, sitting behind may lead to distractions a s you might not hear what is being said, or someone may be obstructing the screen.These and many more are bound to cause disturbances and make you lose focus.Thus, try as much as possible to position yourself close to the speaker and screen to allow for more concentration as well as an avenue for questions.4. Take breaks occasionallyThe temptation to sit still and accomplish everything you ought to without moving from the seat is high.However, you will notice that more times than not, you will have blanked out and just stared at the screen.This is where breaks are essential. It allows you to recharge, refresh, relax your brain and come back with more ideas. It does not have to be a long one; just stretching your legs, arms, ease off stress or getting a snack is one that might help go a long way.Also, you could change your sitting position or location; this will help increase your focus as well as your creativity.Although breaks are a good idea, it should not be too long as it will o nly serve to be a fatal distraction without being productive. 5. Make use of helpful appsAs much as phones are a bit of a distraction, if you must use it, try using it for something productive. Many applications are made to help you work better, offering as much help as possible.Some phone apps also are miniature versions of what you use on your computer; therefore, this can enhance your productivity by constantly reminding you of your daily tasks that are yet to be accomplished.Also, you can create a schedule on your phone to help you manage your day better as well as meet up with set deadlines. Sheryl Sandberg says that after completing a plan, she rips it off and starts again.This action offers you a feeling of accomplishment and helps you look forward to the next one.Additionally, some apps challenge you and encourage quick thinking.Using these apps will ensure that the time spent on your phone will be as productive as when you are using your computer.6. Find out the most effect ive time of your dayEveryone has their most productive time of the day.Some people are more active and productive in the morning, noon, or night.When they perform tasks at this time of the day, it is easier to deliver accurately with little or no distractions.Structure your schedule to fit your active moments so you can deliver to the maximum.If you are more active during the day, fix the important tasks at this time of the day so you will be at your best while working.Also, if you work more during the wee hours of the morning, try your best to do minimum work in the day, don’t sleep late so you can wake up early fully energized.Additionally, if you work best at night, avoid working close to your bed as you may be tempted to sleep before you finish up.7. Exercise regularlyMany people believe that exercising will only make you feel tired, but on the contrary, it keeps you active.If you do exercise in the morning, it makes you start your day with a punch, literally.Asides its health benefits, it has immense positive effects on you, mentally and physically.When you exercise, oxygen is transported to the brain in large amounts; when this occurs, stress levels are lowered while allowing the brain to work even more effectively.Morning exercises are best to kick start your day; however, little stretches here and there at midday may still help you focus more. 8. Make music your companionMusic is an excellent tool for focus forming. It enhances productivity while leaving the mood light and cheery.The type of songs you listen to should, however, be good enough to allow you to work while it is on.Some people may opt for classical music or just soothing instrumentals, as these may have less known lyrics that will make you sing along.Consequently, the music you listen to will determine the amount of attention you give to a particular task.Additionally, avoid songs that are too loud or with too many lyrics as this may make you give your job divided attention.9. Practice u ntil you are perfectIf you are struggling with divided attention, but you are trying to upgrade to executive attention, you should know that you will lose focus occasionally as it requires practice.When you start cultivating this habit, you may flunk it during your first try; however, constant practice will make you get better at it.While learning to focus more, you might make a mistake and lose focus at first because this is unfamiliar and is out of your comfort zone, though it is not something that cannot be done.Familiarize yourself with the practice and learn to be better while at it.Don’t let your mistakes stop you from getting better.10. Avoid glaring distractionsIt is impossible to work without distractions; it is what you do with these distractions that matter.If you indulge them, they consume your time and make you exceed deadlines while letting you lose valuable time.Most times, the idle chat with your colleagues may be fair for social reasons, but when you have a pile o f undone tasks, and then it is a distraction.Try as much as possible to optimize the time spent while chatting and the time you spend while working.Additionally, these distractions could be another task; let go of the excesses and focus on one task until you are done and satisfied with the outcome.This will allow you more time to finish up what you are meant to do.Other ways to improve your attention span include:Drink more water.Make a list of your priorities.Focus on one task at a time.Take little steps at a time.Focus and RefocusFINAL THOUGHTSOver the years, the average attention span reduces regularly. In 2000, the attention span was 12 seconds, while in 2013, it decreased to 8 seconds.Thus, focusing on tasks at hand may prove a bit tasking, but the habits listed above will serve to improve your attention span.Also, when you lose focus while reading, working, or even in a meeting, the best thing to do is to refocus again as this helps you.When you do this continuously, you will be able to pay attention to things that may take longer than a few minutes.

How Does Divorce Create Long Term Negative Effects For...

Divorce is one of many controversial subjects in family and human development research. What inspired me to critically analyze the article â€Å"Does Divorce Create Long-Term Negative Effects for Children?† is the challenge it would be for me to put my bias aside considering I am from a divorced home. After reading the article and analyzing it over and over, I can’t help but think that the writer answering â€Å"YES† to this controversial question overlooked many variables and over generalized his findings and research. With Zinsmeister overgeneralizing his research, not considering enough alternate explanations for long-term negative effects divorce, and his lack of relevant information needed to assess reliability and validity are why I find this article to be insightful but not accurate and hope to show why. In the introduction to the article, the authors David Gately and Andrew Schwebel best wrote â€Å"Karl Zinsmeister uses studies of children and divorce to argue against the contention made by many parents that it is better to divorce than to rear children in a marriage with conflict. He maintains that children’s sense of stability and family structure supersedes parental needs.† Throughout the article Zinsmeister uses the headings â€Å"Fear and Loathing of Divorce Among the Young†, â€Å"Short and Long-Term effects of Divorce on Children†, and â€Å"A Catalogue of Behavioral Changes† as a platform to prove/explain his opinions and back them by research. Essentially Zinsmeister wrote one: thatShow MoreRelatedDivorce Negative Effects1285 Words   |  6 Pages2017 A Positive Outlook on a Divorce Divorce is always a dreadful experience in a persons life, especially a childs’. When parents divorce, children are left hopeless and confused. 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PartiallyRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Divorce in American Culture1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. More often than not people decide to get a divorce before they really think about the effects of divorce. People usually decide to get a divorce based on emotion rather than logic whichRead MoreEssay about How Divorce is Affecting the American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. There are many areas in which divorce has a negative effect in the life of a child or an adult. Many of these effects also directly correlate to the effect on a society. HoweverRead More Effects Of A Non-Traditional Family On Children Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture. The stability of family creates a building block for how the child will progress throughout life. When parents divorce, the children are left with no stability causing them to lose basic concepts of childhood that may carry w ith them throughout life. Children of divorced parents have less success and happiness creating less productive citizens in our nation. Watching parents take a home from a traditional family lifestyle to a broken home by getting a divorce is very devastating to a childsRead MoreEffects of a Non-Traditional Family on Children1745 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture. The stability of family creates a building block for how the child will progress throughout life. When parents divorce, the children are left with no stability causing them to lose basic concepts of childhood that may carry with them throughout life. Children of divorced parents have less success and happiness creating less productive citizens in our nation. Watching parents take a home from a traditional family lifestyle to a broken home by getting a divorce is very devastating to a childsRead More Children and How They are Affected by Divorce Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesChildren and How They are Affected by Divorce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In years past, the American Dream for most young girls’ is to grow up and be married to Prince Charming and to â€Å"Live Happily Ever After!† Although this may be expected - it is rarely fulfilled. Marriage is the legal and binding union between a man and woman. Yet when couples marry, they vow to stay by their partner’s side ‘till death do us part.’ Currently that vow seems to have little or no value in today’s society. The current statistics

Youth Is The Future Of Tomorrow - 987 Words

Today’s youth are the future of tomorrow and they will be in professions and trades that will shape our economy. They will be the policy-makers who will guide our society and they will be the parents who will raise the next generation (Representative for Children and Youth, 2015). As of July 1, 2010, there were approximately 3.7 million children under the age of 10; 1.9 million youths aged 10 to 14; and 2.2 million youths between 15 and 19 years of age (â€Å"A Statistical Snapshot,† n.d.). In particular, youth at risk such as those living in poverty or with health challenges, or those facing social isolation or violence deserve special attention to improve their long-term outcomes (Representative for Children and Youth, 2015). According to Youth Services (n.d.) ‘high-risk youth’ are defined as youth that are sexually exploited, drug or alcohol addicted, living on the street or have a mental health problem. Moreover, the definition of risk generally encompa sses possible negative outcomes for the child that may be due to prenatal or post-natal problems, developmental delays, and exposure to marital conflicts (Statistics Canada, 2001). It is crucial to gain an understanding of these issues because, â€Å"young people depend on adults to protect, care and advocate for them, and to help them develop their full potential† (Bacon, Hanvey, Health Council of Canada Staff, 2006, p. 9). This paper provides an overview of youth that are at risk; a consideration of the experiences faced byShow MoreRelatedAesthetics, The And Beauty Of Aesthetics1461 Words   |  6 PagesAesthetics, a dying subject within our society of which its importance needs to be expressed. Educating today’s youth on the values and beauty of aesthetics, in my opinion will improve the intellectualities of tomorrow’s society. 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News for the Church Free Essays

This is an interesting story about what news comes into the church in town and how the Priest in the church hopefully takes it and how he tries to solve it out. The news here is very peculiar and surprising. The news that has never been heard off it is very difficult to understand as to why significant things like this happen in life why people commit such mistakes and on committing such mistakes people tend to become guilty and they start to dream where they are always being pointed out to what they did was very much wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on News for the Church or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here, things point out to women who generally tend to make mistakes intentionally or unintentionally and later become guilty or sometimes not feeling guilty at all So there is always a bad impression about women for what they do. Sometimes, all women don’t seem to be what they are actually. The looks don’t seem to go along with their character as far as this story is concerned. So basically the opinion what the priest has towards women is not good he would suggest not to go by the looks of a woman in order to meet her. This is a story, which tells one about the conversation between two people, the priest in the church, and the girl who comes in to confess her sins. What is more interesting in this is in the first half; we see what the girl needs to say about her mistakes and what the priest has to say about it. The story also depicts the opinion the priest has towards the people who come to him to confess, most of them being women according to him here. According to his years of experience he is not at all happy with the woman behavior. The Priest always seemed to listen to the confessors for what they had to say and would always get into the depth of the problem though many other priests told him, as there was no thing as sin and it is a part and parcel of life one day he would give it up in life. The priest was a person who didn’t like the middle class, the Irish government and England though nobody harmed him in anyway. He was a heavy built up man of 60 yrs of age with a slow thinking and slow moving thoughts so one day he happens to meet a girl confessor who come in to confess her sin as the priest looks into the grill window of the confession box he sees the girl looked to be young of medium height, with a face of full animation and charm the part that attracted the most to him was her freckled cheeks and her gray-blue eyes which made the priest to be more curious about what she had to say. He observed that this girl was not from the same town, as he previously knew most of them in town. Now, the important part of the story is what the girl had to say and what was the new thing or the news she had brought to the church there, the news was that she had made a sin of using bad words, telling lies, bad language that too when she was drunk and was not aware of what she spoke. Though the priest was surprised since she was educated and was working in a convent school but it was a result of the nuns there due to which she had drunk and spoken in bad language. Another thing, which the priest did not like, was the convent schools and the nuns so in order to figure out and to know more about the girl’s mental status he tries to know if she was drinking along with her family and then he comes to know that her mother had expired sometime long time ago about seven years back and she had only her father who would not mind for such things so basically the family background of the girl seemed to be very unusual to the priest. Though she did not live in the town she would walk all the way alone to places by walk. Since she had lost her mother at a very young age almost when she was a baby she had not got proper advice and guidance in life this made the priest feel pity on her, as he knew the value of having a mother to guide you thru out the life. So he advices her that taking a drink once in a while is ok as he himself would have a drink very rarely but he insists that old people like him must do such mistakes of talking something bad without their knowledge when drunk rather than youngsters who have a very bright future and to do a lot of things in life so he suggests her that she can get the excitement in life she wants by quitting this habit also. After saying all this girl comes up with another complaint saying that apart from bad habits she had bad companies too. She says she had more than one boy to go around with and for which the priest says it was worse than having no boys at all and slowly she comes out with a top secret with a hesitant feeling saying that she had a carnal intercourse with the man now the priest is horribly shocked to hear this from a nineteen year old girl and she says that it happened twice on the same occasion with a unmarried man.Now the priest becomes more curious to know about the man as to who he was but the girl was not sure if the man was married or not and she specifies that this incident took place about five years back which meant it happened when the girl was just fourteen years old still younger, this man was supposed to be dating the girl’s sister Kate who was married but still going around with this man for fun which this girl did not like because at that age she found that man to be very nice to her and who would treat her as a grown up. Hearing to all this the priest felt that the girl was not serious enough or not matured kind to accept the mistake what she had done she always used to feel bad when she would be sent to bed leaving this man with her sister Kate who would not care for him. She did not like her sister Kate at all though she had been taken care by her sister after her mother’s death seven years ago. She says when she met this man again she felt it was something different of being with others it was never the same with other man than with the first man you fall for. The priest warns her telling that the main reason for all this was her habit of drinking if she continued to do this she would end up doing the same thing until she is fifty years old and all the men including the lower class the indecent men would take advantage of her and she will be nowhere and this would keep repeating all the time in her life. The girl feels that the men get along with her out of curiosity and try to elaborate it. The girl says that she and her sister were like friends though her sister Kate was much elder to her they would discuss everything including the love letters. Everything was going well till she got married but once she got married she only used to talk and whisper to other married woman and would change the topic if I entered the room, which was a kind of peculiar. Now the priest tries to ask if this man would marry her or if he was in a position to marry her but the as the girl was not too sure so she assumes that he would marry her as he was interested to marry her sister Kate so now the priest wanted to talk to the girl’s father about this but the girl refuses to involve her father in this matter and nor was the girl interested to talk to the man to ask if he could marry her the priest was more surprised at this decision of the girl. The priest tries to peep thru the window shutter but he was not able to see clearly as it was getting dark in the church and for one moment of time he felt if someone was playing a prank with him. But the girl says it was true and she felt that the man Terry was lighthearted and very irresponsible to live with so the priest advices her what if she had a child or if she had to go and earn for the living and considers this girl also to be irresponsible. The girl seemed to have committed the mistake again last night in town and when asked she accepts that it happened last night while coming in the train and that morning terry had gone back home so the priest asks the girl why she had not gone back home and why she did not tell this to anybody. So the girl felt that this matter cannot be told to anybody and so she walked all the way to the church and told this to him as if he was a confidential person to whom such matters could be shared with. The priest tried to become more angry and now he started to ask questions as how a doctor or a priest would ask his patient or his confessor and he kept shooting questions which made the girl feel more awkward but still she continued to answer it boldly though she was feeling very embarrassed and her body language seemed to be as if something was biting her. He tried to uncover the secrets, which were hidden in her romance of mistakes he asked her all about the step by step procedure that happened which made the girl feel uneasy and the girl started to feel that the way he asked her the questions was something unpleasant and when she peeped in properly it seemed as it was somebody and not the father or the priest of the church and it was also so, and it was a nice little story to be told to someone like her sister for which she felt a great guilt for. THESIS of the â€Å"News for the Church† it is seen that in the beginning the girl comes in to the church to confess about what she had done but as we go deep into the story it becomes more interesting for the reader as he can understand that the priest had to say all about it rather than the girl so the story part in the last half is very interesting and exciting to read as it makes the reader curious about the whole thing so as a whole it’s a nice interesting story to read.             How to cite News for the Church, Essay examples

Virtual Reality Essays - Virtual Reality, Head-mounted Display

Virtual Reality Virtual Reality - What it is and How it Works Imagine being able to point into the sky and fly. Or perhaps walk through space and connect molecules together. These are some of the dreams that have come with the invention of virtual reality. With the introduction of computers, numerous applications have been enhanced or created. The newest technology that is being tapped is that of artificial reality, or virtual reality (VR). When Morton Heilig first got a patent for his Sensorama Simulator in 1962, he had no idea that 30 years later people would still be trying to simulate reality and that they would be doing it so effectively. Jaron Lanier first coined the phrase virtual reality around 1989, and it has stuck ever since. Unfortunately, this catchy name has caused people to dream up incredible uses for this technology including using it as a sort of drug. This became evident when, among other people, Timothy Leary became interested in VR. This has also worried some of the researchers who are trying to create very real application s for medical, space, physical, chemical, and entertainment uses among other things. In order to create this alternate reality, however, you need to find ways to create the illusion of reality with a piece of machinery known as the computer. This is done with several computer-user interfaces used to simulate the senses. Among these, are stereoscopic glasses to make the simulated world look real, a 3D auditory display to give depth to sound, sensor lined gloves to simulate tactile feedback, and head-trackers to follow the orientation of the head. Since the technology is fairly young, these interfaces have not been perfected, making for a somewhat cartoonish simulated reality. Stereoscopic vision is probably the most important feature of VR because in real life, people rely mainly on vision to get places and do things. The eyes are approximately 6.5 centimeters apart, and allow you to have a full-colour, three-dimensional view of the world. Stereoscopy, in itself, is not a very new id ea, but the new twist is trying to generate completely new images in real- time. In 1933, Sir Charles Wheatstone invented the first stereoscope with the same basic principle being used in today's head-mounted displays. Presenting different views to each eye gives the illusion of three dimensions. The glasses that are used today work by using what is called an electronic shutter. The lenses of the glasses interleave the left-eye and right-eye views every thirtieth of a second. The shutters selectively block and admit views of the screen in sync with the interleaving, allowing the proper views to go into each eye. The problem with this method though is that you have to wear special glasses. Most VR researchers use complicated headsets, but it is possible to create stereoscopic three-dimensional images without them. One such way is through the use of lenticular lenses. These lenses, known since Herman Ives experimented with them in 1930, allow one to take two images, cut them into thin vertical slices and interleave them in precise order (also called multiplexing) and put cylinder shaped lenses in front of them so that when you look into them directly, the images correspond with each eye. This illusion of depth is based on what is called binocular parallax. Another problem that is solved is that which occurs when one turns their head. Nearby objects appear to move more than distant objects. This is called motion parallax. Lenticular screens can show users the proper stereo images when moving their heads well when a head- motion sensor is used to adjust the effect. Sound is another important part of daily life, and thus must be simulated well in order to create artificial reality. Many scientists including Dr. Elizabeth Wenzel, a researcher at NASA, are convinced the 3D audio will be useful for scientific visualization and space applications in the ways the 3D video is somewhat limited. She has come up with an interesting use for virtual sound that would allow an astronaut to hear the state of their oxygen, or have an acoustical beacon that directs one to a trouble spot on a satellite. The Convolvotron is one such device that simulates the

How to Research German Ancestors

How to Research German Ancestors Germany, as we know it today, is a much different country than it was during the time of our distant ancestors. Germanys life as a unified nation didnt even begin until 1871, making it a much younger country than most of its European neighbors. This can make locating German ancestors a bit more challenging than many think. What Is Germany? Prior to its unification in 1871, Germany consisted of a loose association of kingdoms (Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony, Wurttemberg...), duchies (Baden...), free cities (Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck...), and even personal estates - each with its own laws and record keeping systems. After a brief period as a unified nation (1871-1945), Germany was again divided following World War II, with parts of it given to Czechoslovakia, Poland,  and the USSR. What was left was then divided into East Germany and West Germany, a division that lasted until 1990. Even during the unified period, some sections of Germany were given to Belgium, Denmark,  and France in 1919. What this means for people researching German roots, is that the records of their ancestors may or may not be found in Germany. Some may be found among the records of the six countries which have received portions of former Germany territory (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Poland, and the USSR). Once you take your research prior to 1871, you may also be dealing with records from some of the original German states. What and Where Was Prussia? Many people assume that Prussian ancestors were German, but this isnt necessarily the case. Prussia was actually the name of a geographical region, which originated in the area between Lithuania and Poland, and later grew to encompass the southern Baltic coast and northern Germany. Prussia existed as an independent state from the 17th century until 1871, when it became the largest territory of the new German empire. Prussia as a state was officially abolished in 1947, and now the term only exists in reference to the former province. While an extremely brief overview of Germanys path through history, hopefully, this helps you understand some of the obstacles that German genealogists face. Now that you understand these difficulties, its time to go back to the basics. Begin With Yourself No matter where your family ended up, you cant research your German roots until you have learned more about your more recent ancestors. As with all genealogy projects, you need to begin with yourself, talk to your family members, and follow the other basic steps of starting a family tree. Locate the Birthplace of Your Immigrant Ancestor Once youve used a variety of genealogy records to trace your family back to the original German ancestor, the next step is to find the name of the specific town, village or city in Germany where your immigrant ancestor lived. Since most German records are not centralized, it is nearly impossible to trace your ancestors in Germany without this step. If your German ancestor immigrated to America after 1892, you can probably find this information on the passenger arrival record for the ship on which they sailed to America. The Germans to America series should be consulted if your German ancestor arrived between 1850 and 1897. Alternatively, if you know from which port in Germany they departed, you may be able to locate their hometown on the German passenger departure lists. Other common sources for locating an immigrants hometown include vital records of birth, marriage,  and death; census records; naturalization records and church records. Learn more tips for finding the birthplace o f your immigrant ancestor. Locate the German Town After youve determined the immigrants hometown in Germany, you should next locate it on a map to determine whether it still exists, and in which German state. Online German gazetteers can help locate the state in Germany in which a town, village or city can now be found. If the place appears to no longer exist, turn to historic German maps and finding aids to learn where the place used to be, and in which country, region or state the records may now exist. Birth, Marriage Death Records in Germany Even though Germany didnt exist as a unified nation until 1871, many German states developed their own systems of civil registration prior to that time, some as early as 1792. Since Germany has no central repository for civil records of birth, marriage,  and death, these records may be found in various locations including the local civil registrars office, government archives, and on microfilm through the Family History Library.   Census Records in Germany Regular  censuses  have been conducted in Germany on a countrywide basis since 1871. These national censuses were actually conducted by each state or province, and the original returns can be obtained from the municipal archives (Stadtarchiv) or the Civil Register Office (Standesamt) in each district. The biggest exception to this is East Germany (1945-1990), which destroyed all of its original census returns. Some census returns were also destroyed by bombing during World War II. Some counties and cities of Germany have also conducted separate censuses at irregular intervals over the years. Many of these have not survived, but some are available in the relevant municipal archives or on microfilm through the Family History Library. The information available from German census records varies greatly by time period and area. Earlier census returns may be basic head  counts  or include only the name of the head of household. Later census records provide more detail. German Parish Registers While most German civil records only go back to around the 1870s, parish registers go back as far as the 15th century. Parish registers are books maintained by church or parish offices to record baptisms, confirmations, marriages, burials and other church events and activities, and are a major source of family history information in Germany. Some even include family registers (Seelenregister or Familienregister) where information about an individual family group is recorded together  on  a single place. Parish registers are generally kept by the local parish office. In some  cases, however, the older parish registers may have been forwarded to a central parish register office or ecclesiastical archives, a state or municipal archive, or a local vital registration office. If the parish is no longer in existence, the parish registers may be found in the office of the parish which took over for that area. In addition to the original parish registers, parishes in most areas of Germany required a verbatim copy of the register to be made and forwarded annually to the district court - until the time when vital registration took effect (from about 1780-1876). These second writings are sometimes available when the original records are not, or are a good source for double-checking hard-to-decipher handwriting in the original register. It is important to keep in mind, however, that these second writings are copies of the original and, as such, are one step removed from the original source, introducing a greater chance of errors. Many Germany parish registers have been microfilmed by the LDS church and are available through the Family History Library or your local  family history center. Other sources of Germany family history information include school records, military records, emigration records, ship passenger lists and city directories. Cemetery records may also be helpful but, as in much of Europe, cemetery lots are leased for a specific number of years. If the lease isnt renewed, the burial plot becomes open for someone else to be buried there. Where Are They Now? The town,  kindom, principality or  duchie  where your ancestor lived in Germany may be hard to find on a map of modern Germany. To help you find your way around German records, this list outlines the states (  bundeslnder) of modern Germany, along with the historical territories that they now contain. Germanys three city-states - Berlin, Hamburg,  and  Bremen - predate these states created in 1945. Baden-Wà ¼rttembergBaden, Hohenzollern, Wà ¼rttemberg BavariaBavaria (excluding Rheinpfalz), Sachsen-Coburg BrandenburgThe western portion of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. HesseFree  City of Frankfurt am Main, Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt (less the province of Rheinhessen), part of Landgraviate Hessen-Homburg, Electorate of Hessen-Kassel, Duchy of Nassau, District of Wetzlar (part of the former Prussian Rheinprovinz), Principality of Waldeck. Lower SaxonyDuchy of Braunschweig, Kingdom/Prussian, Province of Hannover, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe. Mecklenburg-VorpommernGrand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (less the principality of Ratzeburg),  western  portion of the Prussian province of Pomerania. North Rhine-WestphaliaPrussian province of Westfalen, northern portion of Prussian Rheinprovinz, Principality of Lippe-Detmold. Rheinland-PfalzPart of the Principality of Birkenfeld, Province of Rheinhessen, part of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Homburg, most of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz, part of the Prussian Rheinprovinz. SaarlandPart of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz, part of the Prussian Rheinprovinz, part of the principality of Birkenfeld. Sachsen-AnhaltFormer Duchy of Anhalt, Prussian province of Sachsen. SaxonyKingdom  of Sachsen, part of the Prussian province of Silesia. Schleswig-HolsteinFormer Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein,  Free  City of Là ¼beck, Principality of Ratzeburg. ThuringiaDuchies and Principalities of Thà ¼ringen, part of  Prussian  province of Sachsen. Some areas are no longer part of modern Germany. Most of East Prussia (Ostpreussen) and Silesia (Schlesien) and part of Pomerania (Pommern) are now in Poland.  Similarly,​  Alsace (Elsass) and Lorraine (Lothringen) are in France, and in each  case,  you must take your research to those countries.

Biography of Charles Darwin, 19th Century Naturalist

Biography of Charles Darwin, 19th Century Naturalist Charles Darwin (February 12, 1809–April 19, 1882) was a naturalist who originated the theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Darwin holds a unique place in history as the foremost proponent of this theory. While he lived a relatively quiet and studious life, his writings were controversial in their day and still routinely spark controversy. As an educated young man, he embarked on an astounding voyage of discovery aboard a Royal Navy ship. Strange animals and plants he saw in remote places inspired his deep thinking about how life might have developed. And when he published his masterpiece, On the Origin of Species, he profoundly shook up the scientific world. Darwins influence on modern science is impossible to overstate. Fast Facts: Charles Darwin Known For: Originating the theory of evolution through natural selectionBorn: February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, EnglandParents: Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah WedgwoodDied: April 19, 1882 in Downe, Kent, EnglandEducation: Edinburgh University, Scotland, Cambridge University, EnglandPublished Works: On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural SelectionAwards and Honors:  Royal Medal, Wallaston Medal, Copley Medal (all for outstanding achievements in the sciences)Spouse: Emma WedgwoodChildren: William Erasmus Darwin, Anne Elizabeth Darwin, Mary Eleanor Darwin, Henrietta Emma Darwin, George Howard Darwin, Elizabeth Darwin, Francis Darwin, Leonard Darwin, Horace Darwin, Charles Waring Darwin Notable Quote: â€Å"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.† Early Life Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. His father was a medical doctor, and his mother was the daughter of the famous potter Josiah Wedgwood. Darwin’s mother died when he was 8, and he was essentially raised by his older sisters. He was not a brilliant student as a child, but he went on to study at the University of Edinburgh Medical School in Scotland, at first intending to become a doctor. Darwin took a strong dislike to medical education and eventually studied at Cambridge. He planned to become an Anglican minister before becoming intensely interested in botany. He received a degree in 1831. Voyage of the Beagle On the recommendation of a college professor, Darwin was accepted to travel on the second voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle. The ship was embarking on a scientific expedition to South America and islands of the South Pacific, leaving in late December 1831. The Beagle returned to England nearly five years later, in October 1836. Darwins position on the ship was peculiar. A former captain of the vessel had become despondent during a long scientific voyage because, it was assumed, he had no intelligent person to converse with while at sea. The British Admiralty thought sending an intelligent young gentleman along on a voyage would serve a combined purpose: he could study and make records of discoveries while also providing intelligent companionship for the captain. Darwin was chosen to go aboard. Darwin spent more than 500 days at sea and about 1,200 days on land during the trip. He studied plants, animals, fossils, and geological formations and wrote his observations in a series of notebooks. During long periods at sea, he organized his notes. In the Galapagos The Beagle spent about five weeks in the Galapagos Islands. During that time, Darwin made a series of observations that had a significant impact on his new theories about natural selection. He was particularly intrigued by his discovery of major differences between species on different islands. He wrote: The distribution of tenants of this archipelago would not be nearly so wonderful if, for instance, one island has a mocking-thrush and a second island some other quite distinct species... But it is the circumstance that several of the islands possess their own species of tortoise, mocking-thrush, finches, and numerous plants, these species having the same general habits, occupying analogous situations, and obviously filling the same place in the natural economy of this archipelago, that strikes me with wonder. Darwin visited four of the Galapagos Islands, including Chatham Island (now San Cristobal), Charles (now Floreana), Albemarle, and James (now Santiago). He spent much of his time sketching, collecting specimens, and observing animals and their behavior. His discoveries would change the scientific world and rock the foundations of Western religion. Early Writings Three years after returning to England, Darwin published the Journal of Researches, an account of his observations during the expedition aboard the Beagle. The book was an entertaining account of Darwins scientific travels and was popular enough to be published in successive editions. Darwin also edited five volumes titled Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, which contained contributions by other scientists. Darwin himself wrote sections dealing with the distribution of animal species and geological notes on fossils he had seen. Development of Darwins Thinking The voyage on the Beagle was, of course, a highly significant event in Darwin’s life, but his observations on the expedition were hardly the only influence on the development of his theory of natural selection. He was also greatly influenced by what he was reading. In 1838 Darwin read an Essay on the Principle of Population, which the British philosopher Thomas Malthus had written 40 years earlier. The ideas of Malthus helped Darwin refine his own notion of â€Å"survival of the fittest.† Darwins Ideas of Natural Selection Malthus had been writing about overpopulation and discussed how some members of society were able to survive difficult living conditions. After reading Malthus, Darwin kept collecting scientific samples and data, eventually spending 20 years refining his own thoughts on natural selection. Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839. Illness prompted him to move from London to the country in 1842. His scientific studies continued, and he spent years studying various lifeforms to better understand their evolutionary processes. Publication of His Masterpiece Darwin’s reputation as a naturalist and geologist had grown throughout the 1840s and 1850s, yet he had not revealed his ideas about natural selection widely. Friends urged him to publish them in the late 1850s; it was the publication of an essay by Alfred Russell Wallace expressing similar thoughts that encouraged Darwin to write a book setting out his own ideas. In July 1858, Darwin and Wallace appeared together at the Linnean Society of London. And in November 1859, Darwin published the book that secured his place in history: On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection. Death On the Origin of Species was published in several editions, with Darwin periodically editing and updating material in the book. And while society debated Darwins work, he lived a quiet life in the English countryside, content to conduct botanical experiments. He was highly respected, regarded as a grand old man of science. He died on April 19, 1882, and was honored by being buried at Westminster Abbey in London. Legacy Charles Darwin was not the first person to propose that plants and animals adapt to circumstances and evolve over eons of time. But Darwins book put forth his hypothesis in an accessible format and led to controversy. Darwins theories had an almost immediate impact on religion, science, and society at large. Sources â€Å"Charles Darwin: Gentleman Naturalist.† Darwin Online.Desmond, Adrian J. â€Å"Charles Darwin.† Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2019.Liu, Joseph, and Joseph Liu. â€Å"Darwin and His Theory of Evolution.† Pew Research Centers Religion Public Life Project, 19 Mar. 2014.

Commercials in classrooms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commercials in classrooms - Essay Example Many factors are responsible for it. But for the present, the focus will be on one major factor, displaying of commercials in classroom. The School premises have become an important playground for the companies. To increase their customer base, companies marketing strategy makers have been innovating newer and newer ways. For many companies children and teenagers are being viewed as the vital customer base. They are inventing various ways to attract teenagers towards their product. Among the newly innovated ways, one of the important ones is using commercial in different parts of school premises to attract children’s and teenager’s attention towards their product. Earlier companies used to attract customer’s attention by giving advertisements of their products on T.V., radio, news Paper, magazines, billboards in the road sides etc. But now companies are making direct interaction with children and teenagers through schools. The present paper is concerned with a review of Mr. Michael Sandel’s essay on â€Å"Commercials in the classroom†. This paper actually seeks to analyze the demerits of using commercials in the classroom and then will discuss which kinds of advertisement ought to be removed from the classroom along with explaining the reasons for doing so. Commercials in classroom – a threat to pupil’s future: Classroom no longer remained the place of learning only. This holy place also has not been left untouched by corporate marketing strategy. Marketing personnel of the companies are now seeing a huge client base among the children and teenager. They, therefore, have become very much desperate to attract those customers to their products. They have invented new process of advertising for their products. Advertising on T.V, radio, news paper, etc does not ensure that these will be watched by the audiences they are targeting. If children and

Teen oriented dating reality shows are undermining the values of our Essay

Teen oriented dating reality shows are undermining the values of our youth - Essay Example Scholars and experts have engaged in thought-provoking debate on the impacts of the reality television programming on the society, with majority perceiving it have negative influence especially on the youth. With emphasis on teen-oriented dating reality shows, this paper seeks to differ with the assumption that these reality shows undermine the values of the youth in society (Bilandzic and Rossler 296). For the purpose of this paper, The Bachelor and The Bachelorette dating reality shows will be the primary example throughout the paper. Contrary to these assumptions, the paper reiterates that dating reality shows actually demonstrate a number of beneficial values to individuals, especially the youth. According to some portion of scholars, claiming that a television show has negative or positive influence over reality is to forgo the x factor. This has nothing to do with the show. The main contributing factor to such perception is what the viewer takes from an experience, similar to the interpretation of the Christian Bible. The presentations may largely vary, but the results will be the same: people will hear what their conscience wants to hear, and proceed to apply those experiences in their lives in ways that benefits them personally. However, this does not make the particular thing good or bad. If our judgment no everything based on their effects on people, then most of what we consider sacred and moral would be bad since religious fervor is the cause of many battles in the past. Just like people, the media can have both positive and negative impacts on the society at the same time. Indeed, the presentation may have some bias on one direction or the other, but the most import ant determinant is the individual doing the viewing (Reiss and Wiltz 364). It is thus important to look and evaluate the types of people watching a particular program before pointing fingers in any directions. In

Loss of Innocence in To Kill a Mockingbird :: Free Essay Writer

Loss of Innocence in To Kill a Mockingbird  Ã‚   "Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it. In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop; grass grew on the sidewalks, the courthouse sagged in the square."(Lee 9). This environment, as Scout Finch accurately describes, is not conducive to young children, loud noises, and games. But, the Finch children and Dill must occupy themselves in order to avoid boredom. Their surroundings are their boundaries, but in their minds, they have no physical confines. Although the physical "boundaries were Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose's house two doors to the north..., and the Radley Place three doors to the south,"(Lee 11) Jem, Scout, and Dill find ways to use the limits, in conjunction with their imaginations, to amuse themselves. The children are the ones who change the old town and make it full of unexpected events. In the same way as the children, the adults of the novel play games that come from their imaginations and, they themselves are the ones who provide t he fear for everyone in the county to fear. "Maycomb County had recently been told that it had nothing to fear but fear itself"(10). The adults and the children share the fact that they both play games, but a difference also exists between them. The children enact their entertainment, knowing that the games could get violent, but in the end, when the games are over, all the players are able to return home. On the other hand, the adults play their adult games, hurting anyone who does not play by the given rules, and not everyone is fortunate enough to return home. The children pretend to be violent at times but the adults actually are violent. As the children move through the novel, they use these games to develop from their innocence to a level of experience by actualizing the realities of their games through the lives of the adults. Through their own games and through the games of the adults, the children learn values of respect, courage, and understanding. As most children naturally do, Jem, Scout, and their newly-found friend Dill find amusements to make the days pass with excitement. When they first meet Dill, they are beginning the "day's play in the backyard"(11). The implication is that it becomes routine for them to play and that each day brings on a different experience.

French Lieutenant’s Woman

The novel begins with voice of Thomas Hardy’s †³The Riddle†³ which is quoted by the author. This quotation is an apt description for The French Lieutenant’s woman which portrays a singular figure, alone against a desolate landscape. The novel portrays Victorian characters living in 1867, but the author, writing in 1967, intervenes with wry, ironic commentary on Victorian conventions. In fact, it is parody of Victorian novel with chatty narrator and narrative juggling. The most striking fact about the novel is the use of different authorial voices. Voice of the narrator has a double vision: The novel starts off with an intrusive omniscient, typically Victorian, voice: â€Å"I exaggerate? Perhaps, but I can be put to the test, for the Cobb has changed very little since the year of which I write; [†¦]† (Fowles, p.10). In chapter 1 we hear an extensive, detailed description of Lyme Bay. The narrator makes it a point to insist that very little has changed in Lyme Regis since the nineteenth century to the present day. The narrator deftly moves between the two centuries and comments on the present day events in the same tone in which he comments on the Victorian period. We hear the voice of narrator as a formal, stiff Victorian tone while narrating the events in the novel yet the content of what he says is contemporary. The illusion of a Victorian novel is soon broken by a narrator, who introduces his modern 20 century point of view. For example, in Chapter 3, he alludes to devices totally unknown to Victorian society and the illusion of the typically Victorian novel is broken. â€Å"[Charles] would probably not have been too surprised had news reached him out of the future of the air plane, the jet engine, television, radar: [†¦]† (Fowles, p.16). In Chapter 13 he finally reveals himself as a modern narrator when he admits to live in the age of Alain Robbe-Grillet and Roland Barthes (Fowles, p. 80). Voices of the novel seem to belong to John Fowles, the author. The narrator not only comments the whole narrative but he also intrudes in order to make comments on the characters. His authorial intrusions are very pointed and sometimes biased. The narrator’s voice plays the role of both participant and observer. The first person voice occurs in different roles. It seems to be an artist, a novelist, a teacher, a historian and a critic who surveying the scene with a modern and ironic eye, constantly reminding the reader this is not a typically Victorian novel. The third person voice, on the other hand, represents all features associated with an omniscient narrator. It misleads the reader and sometimes even ridicules characters: â€Å"He would have made you smile, for he was carefully equipped for his role. He wore stout nailed boots and canvas gaiters that rose to the encase Norfolk breeches of heavy flannel. There was a tight and absurdly long coat to match; a canvas wide awake hat of an indeterminate beige; a massive ash-plant, which he had bought on his way to the Cobb; and a voluminous rucksack, from which you might have shaken out an already heavy array of hammers, wrappings, notebooks, pillboxes, adzes and heaven knows what else.† (Fowles, p. 43) In Chapter 13 the first person narrator suggests to stand out against the third person narrator when he admits not to be able to control the thoughts and movements of his characters. He denies having all the god-like qualities associated with the classical role of a narrator who knows all the moves of his characters beforehand and he gives a definition of his status: â€Å"The novelist is still a god, since he creates [†¦] what has changed is that we are no longer the gods of the Victorian image, omniscient and decreeing; but in the new theological image, with freedom our first principle not authority.† (Fowles, p.82). What the narrator does is to break the illusion of being the authoritative voice by providing the further illusion of not being it, insisting on the fact that the characters are allowed their freedom. The narrator seems to become just another character of the story, and first and third person narration overlaps. This illusion of the narrator being a fictional character finally dissolves when he appears in person: first as a fellow passenger in the train in Chapter 55 and a second time in the last chapter. This technique of hearing different voices in a narration is called heteroglossia. The narrator guides the reader through the novel. In summary, the narrative’s voice works on different levels: firstly there is protagonist, Charles, and his struggle to overcome his Victorian mind, secondly the narrator claims his characters to be free of authorial supervision. In fact, the narrator is only concealing his real authority. For example in Chapter 55 when he flips a coin in order to decide how to end his narrative and at last there is the reader whom the narrator allows to break free from the narrative illusion. Character Analysis: Charles and Sarah The first picture we get of Charles is that he is a Victorian gentleman who is in all respects at the height of his time. He has a similar outside and inside. He is dominated by the social conventions of his time, particularly in his attitude towards women, and the only thing he lacks is mystery. He seems to be a flat character that only has inner struggling. His character is developed gradually through the novel. Actually his first meeting with Sarah, is his first step of development which leads him from complacency to doubt, from the known to the undiscovered, and from safety to danger when he realizes that there is an alternative to the puritan world of Ernestina which is the free and spontaneous world of Sarah. In short, his first meetings with Sarah sharpen his awareness of that existentialist freedom she embodies and throughout the novel he is torn between the conventional Victorian ideas and this proposal of personal freedom. It stretches as far as Chapter 44. Throughout all these chapters Charles is torn in between behaving the normal, Victorian way, rating his short relationship with Sarah as a minor, unimportant incident or accepting the full consequences of not behaving in an appropriate Victorian manner. He is fascinated by the enigma which Sarah represents and wants to solve it but on the other hand he is caught in his Victorian pattern of thought. When he decides to visit Sarah in Exeter we are dealing with his second development. He is prepared to accept the consequences of not behaving like a Victorian in order to fulfill his personal ideas. But he is still caught in this particular pattern of thought; maybe this is best expressed by his intention to marry Sarah. He has yet not fully understood the ideas of existential freedom. Charles enters the third stage of development when he realizes that Sarah has left without leaving any trace for him to follow. It is then when he settles to follow the path he had decided to take, whether he will be able to find her or not. The months he searches for Sarah are the final stage of his development in which he is able to get the taste of freedom he once tried to gain. His meeting with Sarah at the end of the novel is the final test he has to go through. On the other hand, from the very beginning, Sarah seems to be a round character. She has different inside and outside. Sarah acts as a counter to Tina, the model of Victorian womanhood. Sarah does not match with the time she lives in especially in her behavior. But her strangeness should be considered in the light of the Victorian age. Her actions are governed by her refusal to follow tradition and by her quest for freedom. She rejects the subservient role which her society tries to force on her, determined to get what she wants and express her desires freely. Although some conflicts about Sarah resolved when she told her story to Charles but some of them has still remained till the end of the novel. In the two endings, Sarah's need for freedom conflicts with her love for Charles. One ending suggests that Sarah will be able to remain outside the confines of Victorian society while still being able to establish a family with Charles and marriage will exact its own conventions which will be difficult to escape. Another ending focuses on her total freedom but also her estrangement from the man she loves. This conflict never resolved!!

African Americans And Segregation And Inequality - 1855 Words

There were African Americans thought they should go about living in society and dealing with segregation and inequality in the twentieth century. Two African American men both voiced their very different ideas about how the former slaves needed to react to gain equality and how they might go about abolishing the segregation laws in the early twentieth century. W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were those two men with different views on how to deal with those issues. African Americans, at the time, either felt like segregation and inequality needed to be waited out and sooner or later it would go away or that it was unacceptable and that everyone should have the same rights as the whites, immediately. Both views had very good points and both aided in the abolishment of segregation. However, reacting to segregation and inequality seemed to have a larger impact in less time than no reaction and just trying to let it fade did. This is also related to the issue of which way would be best to help improve the lives of all African Americans, educationally and in other aspects. Booker T. Washington believed that â€Å"thrift, industry and Christian morality would eventually earn blacks their constitutional rights† (Wiltz 36). Initially, he proposed that if African Americans accepted segregation, kept to themselves, made all jobs they did and their lifestyle better that eventually segregation would just fade away. He believed that creating vocational schools to help improve andShow MoreRelatedSegregation And Effects On African American Communities1523 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Garcia Dr. Markel 23rd July 2015 Phil 483 Segregation and Effects on African-American Communities I suppose the majority of society would have the illusion that segregation in the United States died with the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and Brown v Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. 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